Fill the Gap Between Senior Debt and Your Equity
When senior financing stops at 65% to 75% and you don't want to write a larger equity check, mezzanine debt closes the difference and takes total leverage to 85% to 90%.
Subordinate Capital That Sits Behind the Senior Loan
Mezzanine financing occupies the space in the capital stack between the senior mortgage and the borrower's equity. When a senior lender caps out at 65% to 75% loan-to-value, mezzanine debt layers on top to bring total leverage to 85% to 90%, reducing the equity a sponsor has to put into the deal. It is priced higher than senior debt, typically 12% to 16%, because the mezzanine lender sits in a subordinate position and gets repaid only after the senior loan is current. Instead of recording a mortgage lien, mezzanine loans are usually secured by a pledge of the ownership interests in the entity that holds the property, which lets the lender step in quickly if the deal goes sideways. Every mezzanine placement involves an intercreditor agreement between the senior and mezzanine lenders that spells out cure rights, standstill periods, and foreclosure procedures. CapitalAx sources mezzanine capital from debt funds, private equity groups, and specialty lenders who know how to structure this layer without upsetting the senior loan.
Key Terms
Who Is It For
- Sponsors who want to reduce the equity required on an acquisition or development
- Owners recapitalizing a property without selling or refinancing the senior loan
- Developers closing the gap between a construction loan and total project cost
- Investors pursuing larger deals than their available equity would otherwise allow
- Operators funding value-add capital expenditures on top of existing senior debt
Common Use Cases
- Increasing total leverage above what a senior lender will fund
- Recapitalizing a property to return equity to partners
- Filling the funding gap on ground-up construction and major renovation
- Financing a portion of an acquisition to preserve investor equity
- Funding value-add capital improvements behind a senior mortgage
Borrower Scenarios
- A multifamily sponsor acquiring a $30M apartment complex with a $19.5M senior loan at 65% LTV, adding a $7.5M mezzanine piece at 13% to bring total leverage to 90% and cut the required equity from $10.5M to $3M.
- A developer with a $14M construction loan covering 70% of project cost, closing a $2.8M mezzanine layer secured by a pledge of the development entity to fund the remaining gap without bringing in a new equity partner.
- An owner of a stabilized office building recapitalizing to return $4M of trapped equity to partners, layering mezzanine debt behind the existing senior mortgage rather than triggering the prepayment penalty on a full refinance.
- A hotel operator funding a $3.5M brand-mandated renovation with mezzanine capital behind a flagged senior loan, structured with an intercreditor agreement that gave the senior lender a 90-day standstill and the mezzanine lender defined cure rights.
Why CapitalAx
Frequently Asked Questions
How is mezzanine debt different from a second mortgage?
A second mortgage records a junior lien against the property itself. Mezzanine debt is instead secured by a pledge of the equity interests in the entity that owns the property. That structure lets the mezzanine lender take control of the ownership entity through a UCC foreclosure much faster than a traditional mortgage foreclosure, which is why senior lenders often prefer a mezzanine layer over a recorded second lien.
Why does mezzanine financing cost more than the senior loan?
Mezzanine lenders sit behind the senior loan and get repaid only after the senior debt is current. That subordinate position carries more risk, so pricing runs 12% to 16% compared to 6.5% to 7.5% on a conventional senior mortgage. The blended cost of the two layers is still often lower than the return a sponsor would give up by raising additional equity.
What is an intercreditor agreement?
It is the contract between the senior lender and the mezzanine lender that governs how the two loans coexist. It defines the mezzanine lender's cure rights if the senior loan defaults, standstill periods before any enforcement action, and the process for taking over the ownership entity. No mezzanine loan closes without one, and negotiating its terms is a big part of getting the deal done.
